Présentation de l'éditeur

Predictive Sentencing addresses the role of risk assessment in contemporary sentencing practices. Predictive sentencing has become so deeply ingrained in Western criminal justice decision-making that despite early ethical discussions about selective incapacitation, it currently attracts little critique. Nor has it been subjected to a thorough normative and empirical scrutiny. This is problematic since much current policy and practice concerning risk predictions is inconsistent with mainstream theories of punishment. Moreover, predictive sentencing exacerbates discrimination and disparity in sentencing. Although structured risk assessments may have replaced 'gut feelings', and have now been systematically implemented in Western justice systems, the fundamental issues and questions that surround the use of risk assessment instruments at sentencing remain unresolved. This volume critically evaluates these issues and will be of great interest to scholars of criminal justice and criminology.

Sommaire

1. Introduction: Normative and Empirical Perspectives on Predictive Sentencing
Jan W de Keijser, Julian V Roberts and Jesper Ryberg

2. The Use of Risk Assessment in Sentencing
Esther FJC van Ginneken

3. Why Legal Philosophers (Including Retributivists) Should Be Less Resistant to Risk-Based Sentencing
Douglas Husak

4. Risk and Retribution: On the Possibility of Reconciling Considerations of Dangerousness and Desert
Jesper Ryberg

5. Is Preventive Detention Morally Worse than Quarantine?
Thomas Douglas

6. Against Incapacitative Punishment
Zachary Hoskins

7. A Defence of Modern Risk-Based Sentencing 7
Christopher Slobogin

8. Some Dilemmas of Indeterminate Sentences: Risk and Uncertainty, Dignity and Hope
Andrew Ashworth and Lucia Zedner

9. The Problematic Role of Prior Record Enhancements in Predictive Sentencing
Julian V Roberts and Richard S Frase

10. Unpacking Sentencing Algorithms: Risk, Racial Accountability and Data Harms
Kelly Hannah-Moff at and Kelly Struthers Montford

11. The Scientific Validity of Current Approaches to Violence and Criminal Risk Assessment
Seena Fazel

12. Risk Assessment at Sentencing: The Pennsylvania Experience
Rhys Hester

13. Predictive Sentencing: An Analysis of Public Views
Jan W de Keijser and Sigrid GC van Wingerden

14. Sentencing and Prediction: Old Wine in Old Bottles
Michael Tonry

Présentation de l'éditeur

In the international law of the 21st century, more and more regulation comes in the form of post-treaty rules. Developed in environmental law, this trend increasingly spreads to areas ranging from tobacco regulation to arms trade. This book offers the first systematic examination of these decisions, resolutions and recommendations adopted by treaty bodies, to assess their effectiveness. The study shows that the authority of such rules is in question as, in practice, treaty parties retain almost complete discretion when it comes to their implementation. This conclusion gives rise to two key questions. To what extent does this ambiguous authority affect adherence to procedural principles like legal certainty, non-arbitrariness and the duty to state reasons? And can the legitimacy of the process and content of post-treaty rules fill the gaps in their authority? In assessing these questions, the study shines a light on this crucial but neglected area in international law scholarship and forms a starting point for improvements and reform.

Sommaire

PART I - ENVIRONMENTAL POST-TREATY RULES AND THEIR AUTHORITY

1. Environmental Post-Treaty Rules: Concept and Context
A. Multilateral Environmental Agreements
B. Plenary Treaty Meetings
C. Rule Making by Plenary Treaty Meetings
D. The Concept of Post-Treaty Rules
E. The Normative Relationship between MEAs and Environmental Post-Treaty Rules

2. The Compartmentalised Authority of Environmental Post-Treaty Rules
A. Investigating Authority: Three Normative Orders
B. Eternal Interpretation: The Ramsar Convention and CITES
C. Closing the Gap: The Montreal and Kyoto Protocols
D. Conclusion

PART II - THE SOURCES OF THE AUTHORITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POST-TREATY RULES

3. The Silence of the Enabling Clauses: Delegated Authority and the Doctrine of Sources
A. PTRs as International Delegated Acts
B. PTRs' Delegated Authority According to the Sources of International Law
C. PTRs' Delegated Authority in the Internal Normative Orders of MEAs
D. National Legal Orders
E. Conclusion

4. 'Taking into Account': Interpretive Authority and Wording
A. PTRs as Interpretive Agreements in the International Legal Order
B. PTRs as Interpretive Agreements in National Courts
C. The Effect of Wording on PTRs' Interpretive Authority
D. Conclusion

5. Invisible Authority: Social Legitimacy and Social Pressures
A. Social Legitimacy and Authority
B. Social Legitimacy and Social Pressures in the Three Normative Orders
C. Conclusion

PART III - CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE AUTHORITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POST-TREATY RULES

6. Vulnerable Authority: Discretion in Domestic Implementation and Violation of Procedural Principles
A. Is Authority Based on Social Legitimacy Different?
B. Wide Governmental Discretion
C. Infringement of Fundamental Procedural Principles
D. Conclusion

7. Challenges to the Normative Legitimacy of Environmental Post-Treaty Rules
A. Input Legitimacy
B. Output Legitimacy
C. Conclusion

Présentation de l'éditeur

Despite their many obvious interconnections, EU and international law are all too often studied and practised in different spheres. While it is natural for each to insist on its own unique characteristics, and in particular for the EU to emphasise its sui generis nature, important insights might be lost because of this exclusionary approach. This book aims to break through some of those barriers and to show how more interaction between the two spheres might be encouraged. In so doing, it offers a constitutional dimension but also a substantive one, identifying policy areas where EU and international law and their respective actors work alongside each other. Offering a 360-degree view on both EU and international institutional and substantive law, this collection presents a refreshing perspective on a longstanding issue.

Sommaire

Introduction: The Interface between EU and International Law
Inge Govaere and Sacha Garben

PART I - A HORIZONTAL, HOLISTIC APPROACH

1. Interconnecting Legal Systems and the Autonomous EU Legal Order: A Balloon Dynamic
Inge Govaere

2. The Axiological Emancipation of a (Non-)Principle: Autonomy, International Law and the EU Legal Order
Violeta Moreno-Lax

3. Studying International and European Law: Confronting Perspectives and Combining Interests
Ramses A Wessel

PART II - THE INTERACTION BETWEEN EU AND INTERNATIONAL LAW IN SELECTED AREAS

4. Integrated Rights Protection in the European and International Context: Some Reflections about Limits and Consequences
Christina Eckes

5. A Balloon Dynamic in the Area of Social Rights
Sacha Garben

6. The Interplay of International and EU Environmental Law
Nicola Notaro and Mario Pagano

7. Implementing International Norms through EU Procedure? The Case of Business and Human Rights
Pierre Thielbörger

PART III - THE EU AND 'THIRD' COUNTRIES

8. On the Cusp: Brexit and Public International Law
Kieran Bradley

9. EU Enlargement, Extra-Territorial Application of EU Law and the International Dimension
Christophe Hillion and Vincent Delhomme

10. Law and Practice of the EU's Trade Agreements with 'Disputed' Territories: A Consistent Approach?
Guillaume Van der Loo

11. We'll Always have Geneva: The Existential Crisis of the US-led Multilateral Trading System and the EU Reactions
Michael Hahn

PART IV - A VIEW FROM PRACTICE: COMMENTS ON CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE INTERFACE BETWEEN EU AND INTERNATIONAL LAW

12. The Interaction between Public International Law and EU Law: The Role Played by the Court of Justice
Ricardo da Silva Passos

13. The Rosneft Case as a Good Example of Smooth Interaction between EU Law and International Law in the Most Recent Post-Lisbon Jurisprudence of the Court of Justice
Jenö Czuczai

14. An Incoherent Approach Towards Aarhus and CETA: The Commission and External Oversight Mechanisms
Laurens Ankersmit

Présentation de l'éditeur

Mise en valeur par les travaux d’Elinor Ostrom, la notion de biens communs propose une autre manière de concevoir l’organisation des rapports sociaux. Cet ouvrage croise une réflexion théorique et des expérimentations opérationnelles pour voir en quoi, en tant qu’objet mais aussi par le processus qui l’institue, elle devient un paradigme opératoire pour comprendre et concevoir les rapports des hommes aux territoires et à l’environnement mais aussi les rapports des hommes entre eux.

Avec le soutien de l’université Paris-Est-Créteil.

Perrine Michon est maître de conférences en géographie – aménagement à l’université Paris-Est-Créteil, membre du Lab’Urba (EA 3482).

Sommaire

Regards théoriques
Regards opérationnels
Regards de grands témoins : entretiens