Présentation de l'éditeur

Even before the United States became a country, laws prioritizing access to credit set colonial America apart from the rest of the world. Credit Nation examines how the drive to expand credit shaped property laws and legal institutions in the colonial and founding eras of the republic.

In this major new history of early America, Claire Priest describes how the British Parliament departed from the customary ways that English law protected land and inheritance, enacting laws for the colonies that privileged creditors by defining land and slaves as commodities available to satisfy debts. Colonial governments, in turn, created local legal institutions that enabled people to further leverage their assets to obtain credit. Priest shows how loans backed with slaves as property fueled slavery from the colonial era through the Civil War, and that increased access to credit was key to the explosive growth of capitalism in nineteenth-century America.

Credit Nation presents a new vision of American economic history, one where credit markets and liquidity were prioritized from the outset, where property rights and slaves became commodities for creditors’ claims, and where legal institutions played a critical role in the Stamp Act crisis and other political episodes of the founding period.

Présentation de l'éditeur

The second volume in this series explores the evolution of administrative laws in Europe to better understand the foundations of EU institutions, focusing on the period of 1890-1910. These years saw both a growth of governments and either the entry into force or the consolidation of mechanisms of control on public authorities. Comparing the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Belgium, France, the German Empire, Italy, and the United Kingdom, this title focuses on their historical administrative actions and looks at their development during that time.

The volume contains three sections. The first introduces the project and the topic. The second covers the six legal systems chosen for this study, looking at the historical context. The third takes a comparative approach across the six systems, following on from their histories to look at their development and legacies. This edited collection expands on the ideals of a common core within European administrative law and how they have shaped our world.

This volume is an essential tool for anyone involved in administrative and constitutional law and legal history.

Contributors: Giacinto della Cananea, Stefano Mannoni, Alessandra Bassani, Luca De Lucia, Angela Ferrari Zumbini, Yseult Marique, Marco Mazzamuto, Jérémy Mercier, Conor McCormick, Leopoldo A Moscoso, Robert Thomas, Lilly Weidemann

Edited by Giacinto della Cananea, Professor of Administrative Law, Bocconi University, and Stefano Mannoni, Professor of Legal History, University of Florence

Sommaire

Introduction

1:Commonality and Diversity in Administrative Justice: Fin de siècle, Giacinto della Cananea

The Legal Systems Selected for Comparative Analysis

2:Standards of Judicial Review of Administrative Action in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Angela Ferrari Zumbini
3:The Administration and the Judge: Pragmatism in Belgian Case Law, Yseult Marique
4:The Judicial Elaboration of Standards for Public Administrations in France, Jérémy Mercier
5:Standards of Judicial Review of Administrative Action in the German Empire, Lilly Weidemann
6:Initial Investigation on Excess of Power: Judicial Review of Administrative Action in Italy, Alessandra Bassani
7:The Historical Foundations of Judicial Review in the United Kingdom, Conor McCormick

Comparative Studies

8:Liberal Democracies and the Control of Virtue: The Weakening of Representative Regimes and the Expansion of the Judiciary, Leopoldo A Moscoso
9:Judicial Review of Administrative Action: A Brief Comparison between the Austro-Hungarian and German Empires, Luca De Lucia
10:The Development of Administrative Law in the United Kingdom, Robert Thomas
11:The Formation of the Italian Administrative Justice System, European Common Principles of Administrative Law, and 'Jurisdictionalisation' of Administrative Justice in the 19th Century, Marco Mazzamuto
12:The Administrative World of Yesterday, Stefano Mannoni

Présentation de l'éditeur

For most of the twentieth century, the American founding has been presented as a struggle between social classes over issues arising primarily within, rather than outside, the United States. But in recent years, new scholarship has instead turned to the international history of the American union to interpret both the causes and the consequences of the US Constitution.

In Perfecting the Union, Max M. Edling argues that the Constitution was created to defend US territorial integrity and the national interest from competitors in the western borderlands and on the Atlantic Ocean, and to defuse inter-state tension within the union. By replacing the defunct Articles of Confederation, the Constitution profoundly transformed the structure of the American union by making the national government more effective. But it did not transform the fundamental purpose of the union, which remained a political organization designed to manage inter-state and international relations. And in contrast to what many scholars claim, it was never meant to eclipse the state governments.

The Constitution created a national government but did not significantly extend its remit. The result was a dual structure of government, in which the federal government and the states were both essential to the people's welfare. Getting the story about the Constitution straight matters, Edling claims, because it makes possible a broader assessment of the American founding as both a transformative event, aiming at territorial and economic expansion, and as a conservative event, aiming at the preservation of key elements of the colonial socio-political order.

Max M. Edling, Reader in Early American History, Kings College London.

Sommaire

Introduction: Revisiting the Critical Period

Chapter One: Peace Pact and Nation, The Constitution as a Compact between States

Chapter Two: Union, Empowering a New National Government

Chapter Three: Internal Police, The Residual Power of the States

Chapter Four: Legislation, Implementing the Constitution

Conclusion: Toward a New Understanding of the Founding

Notes

Présentation

Au XIIe siècle, à l’heure des croisades, des aventuriers normands fondent un royaume en Italie méridionale au sein duquel ils parviennent à faire coexister des chrétiens, des juifs et des musulmans.

Faisant collaborer émirs et kritaï, chanceliers et eunuques, la création multiculturelle fascine les chercheurs. Pour autant, la nature juridique de la royauté fait encore l’objet de profonds désaccords doctrinaux. Selon l’opinion la plus commune, la diversité au sein du royaume aurait été permise sur le plan juridique par une conception impériale et universelle du pouvoir, sanctionnée en 1140 par la promulgation des célèbres Assises d’Ariano.

Cet ouvrage propose une autre lecture : il retrace la formation de l’institution royale au moyen d’un corpus de sources trilingues. Loin d’être une institution figée, la royauté sicilienne a connu une évolution sensible tout au long de l’histoire du jeune royaume, se perfectionnant juridiquement au gré des circonstances et des vicissitudes.

Une relecture inédite de la royauté siculo-normande.

Docteur en droit depuis 2017, Ahmed DJELIDA a enseigné l’histoire du droit successivement à l’université de La Rochelle, de Rouen et de Paris Descartes. Il est actuellement enseignantchercheur à l’université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne. Ses recherches portent principalement sur l’histoire du droit et des institutions médiévales dans le pourtour méditerranéen.

Préface de Glauco Maria Cantarella