Présentation de l'éditeur

The idea of fairness has recently re-entered the policy discourse underpinning competition law enforcement, in the EU and beyond. Of course, the term “unfair” can be found in the EU Treaty and the avoidance of consumers’ exploitation is the ultimate aim of competition principles. Still, the boundaries of fairness as a driver of competition enforcement appear unclear and, for some, dangerously flexible. At the same time, whilst the application of competition rules has over the years been focusing on restrictions to the competitive process with the effect of harming consumers, a wave of cases recently brought or decided at EU and national level appear to be inspired by wide and somewhat elusive fairness considerations, including non-discrimination, neutrality, equality of opportunities, natural justice or avoidance of abuse of law. Reference can be made to cases relating to product design, IP licensing, geo-blocking, network neutrality, privacy concerns or fiscal justice. This volume explores how fairness may guide competition enforcement, what its significance may be in explaining recent trends and actual outcomes, and what implications can be observed or expected by relying on a fairness standard in the design of substantive principles. Associating lawyers and economists, practitioners and academics, it discusses the boundaries of fairness in a world where the rationality of markets has been profoundly shaken by recent crises.

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FOREWORD
FAIRNESS AND COMPETITION
FAIRNESS IN COMPETITION LAW AND POLICY
HOW TO AVOID A FAIRNESS PARADOX IN COMPETITION POLICY
“FAIRNESS” IN COMPETITION LAW: NOTHING MORE THAN A FEEL-GOOD EPITHET?
UNFAIR COMMERCIAL PRACTICES AND FAIR COMPETITION
REGULATING E-COMMERCE THROUGH COMPETITION RULES: A FAIRNESS AGENDA?
“FAIRNESS” IN ARTICLE 102 TFEU
ADMINISTRABILITY OF FAIRNESS STANDARDS BY COURTS

Présentation de l'éditeur

Ancient Rome is the only society in the history of the western world whose legal profession evolved autonomously, distinct and separate from institutions of political and religious power. Roman legal thought has left behind an enduring legacy and exerted enormous influence on the shaping of modern legal frameworks and systems, but its own genesis and context pose their own explanatory problems. The economic analysis of Roman law has enormous untapped potential in this regard: by exploring the intersecting perspectives of legal history, economic history, and the economic analysis of law, the two volumes of Roman Law and Economics are able to offer a uniquely interdisciplinary examination of the origins of Roman legal institutions, their functions, and their evolution over a period of more than 1000 years, in response to changes in the underlying economic activities that those institutions regulated. 

Volume II covers the concepts of exchange, ownership, and disputes, analysing the detailed workings of credit, property, and slavery, among others, while Volume I explores Roman legal institutions and organizations in detail, from the constitution of the Republic to the management of business in the Empire. Throughout each volume, contributions from specialists in legal and economic history, law, and legal theory are underpinned by rigorous analysis drawing on modern empirical and theoretical techniques and methodologies borrowed from economics. In demonstrating how these can be fruitfully applied to the study of ancient societies, with due deference to the historical context, Roman Law and Economics opens up a host of new avenues of research for scholars and students in each of these fields and in the social sciences more broadly, offering new ways in which different modes of enquiry can connect with and inform each other.

Edited by Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci, Alfred W. Bressler Professor of Law, Columbia Law School, USA, and Dennis P. Kehoe, Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities (Classical Studies), Tulane University, USA

Contributors : 

Barbara Abatino
Jean Andreau
Benito Arruñada
Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci
Robert C. Ellickson
Richard A. Epstein
Iole Fargnoli
David Friedman
Dennis P. Kehoe 
Egbert Koops
Gary D. Libecap 
Dean Lueck
Barbara Luppi
Thomas J. Miceli
Francesco Parisi
Geoffrey Parsons Miller
Daniel Pi
Aldo Schiavone
Hendrik L. E. Verhagen

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12: Rome and the Economics of Ancient Law II, Geoffrey Parsons Miller

IV. Slavery and the Roman Economy

13: Law, Slaves, and Markets in the Roman Imperial System, Aldo Schiavone
14: The Practice of Manumission through Negotiated Conditions in Imperial Rome, Egbert Koops

V. Credit

15: Banking, Money-Lending, and Elite Financial Life in Rome, Jean Andreau
16: Secured Transactions in Classical Roman Law, Hendrik L. E. Verhagen

VI. Property

17: Ancient Rome: Legal Foundations of the Growth of an Indispensable City, Robert C. Ellickson
18: Land Demarcation in Ancient Rome, Gary D. Libecap and Dean Lueck
19: The Institutions of Roman Markets, Benito Arruñada

VII. Dispute Resolution and Remedies

20: One Step at a Time in Roman Law: How Roman Pleading Rules Shape the Substantive Structure of Private Law, Richard A. Epstein
21: Private Prosecution and Enforcement in Roman Law, David Friedman
22: Deterrence of Wrongdoing in Ancient Law, Francesco Parisi, Daniel Pi, Barbara Luppi, and Iole Fargnoli
23: Collective Responsibility, Thomas J. Miceli
24: The Dual Origin of the Duty to Disclose in Roman Law, Barbara Abatino and Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci

Endmatter

Index

Présentation de l'éditeur

Les actes des ateliers doctoraux 2019 sont parus dans la collection des Cahiers Jean Monnet. Organisée et accueillie par l'université de Milan les 4 et 5 juillet 2019, cette 4e édition des ateliers portait sur le thème de l’État de droit, notion centrale dans l’analyse de l’exercice du pouvoir par les autorités publiques. 

Une trentaine de présentations ont été sélectionnées, parmi les 129 propositions reçues, pour exposer la recherche et engager le débat autour de l’Etat de droit, principe fondateur issu des traditions constitutionnelles que partagent les pays membres de l’Union européenne ainsi que l’Union européenne elle-même. Il peut en effet apparaître en crise, dans un contexte européen de montée du nationalisme et du populisme, de crise économique et financière, de phénomènes migratoires à l’échelle mondiale… 

Les doctorants ont été invités à analyser en profondeur cette crise, ses causes, conséquences et solutions possibles, de débattre sur son futur, tout en explorant la notion d’État de droit, ses fondements théoriques et philosophiques, ses limites, au regard notamment des concepts de rule of law et des droits fondamentaux.

La réflexion, encadrée et animée par des enseignants chercheurs de l’université de Milan, s’est axée sur quatre domaines dans lesquels le concept d’État de droit apparaît crucial, et en évolution: droit constitutionnel et comparé, droit administratif, droit fiscal, droit international et européen.

Présentation de l'éditeur

By the late nineteenth century, Harvard Law School had transformed legal education and become the preeminent professional school in the nation. But in the early 1900s, HLS came to the brink of financial failure and lagged its peers in scholarly innovation. It also honed an aggressive intellectual culture famously described by Learned Hand: “In the universe of truth, they lived by the sword. They asked no quarter of absolutes, and they gave none.” After World War II, however, HLS roared back. In this magisterial study, Bruce Kimball and Daniel Coquillette chronicle the school’s near collapse and dramatic resurgence across the twentieth century.

The school’s struggles resulted in part from a debilitating cycle of tuition dependence, which deepened through the 1940s, as well as the suicides of two deans and the dalliance of another with the Nazi regime. HLS stubbornly resisted the admission of women, Jews, and African Americans, and fell behind the trend toward legal realism. But in the postwar years, under Dean Erwin Griswold, the school’s resurgence began, and Harvard Law would produce such major political and legal figures as Chief Justice John Roberts, Justice Elena Kagan, and President Barack Obama. Even so, the school faced severe crises arising from the civil rights movement, the Vietnam War, Critical Legal Studies, and its failure to enroll and retain people of color and women, including Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

Based on hitherto unavailable sources—including oral histories, personal letters, diaries, and financial records—The Intellectual Swordpaints a compelling portrait of the law school widely considered the most influential in the world.

Bruce A. Kimball is Professor in Philosophy and History of Education at The Ohio State University and a former Guggenheim Fellow. He is coauthor, with Daniel R. Coquillete, of the prize-winning On the Battlefield of Merit: Harvard Law School, the First Century.

Daniel R. Coquillette is J. Donald Monan, S.J., University Professor at Boston College and Charles Warren Visiting Professor of American Legal History at Harvard Law School. He is coauthor, with Bruce A. Kimball, of the prize-winning On the Battlefield of Merit: Harvard Law School, the First Century.

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Introduction

1. The Tragedy of Ezra Thayer, 1900–1915

2. The Centennial Fundraising Fiasco, 1914–1920

3. The Perilous Trials of Roscoe Pound and the Faculty, 1916–1927

4. Desirable and “Undesirable” Students, 1916–1936

5. “The School Must Live from Hand to Mouth,” 1919–1930s

6. Legal Realism and Pound’s Decline, 1928–1931

7. New Deal, Nazis, and Faculty Revolt, 1931–1936

8. The “Meteoric” Rise and Fall of James Landis, 1937–1946

9. Harvard, Columbia, and the “Major Professional Schools,” 1890–1945

10. Griswold Brings Order to the “Madhouse,” 1946–1950s

11. McCarthyism and the Fifth Amendment, 1950s

12. The Admissions Revolution, 1946–1967

13. “The School Has Not Grown Soft,” 1946–1967

14. “A Vast Expansion” in Spending, 1946–1967

15. The Harvard–Yale Game, 1900–1970

16. Derek Bok’s Tumultuous Interlude, 1968–1970

17. “An Especially Difficult Period”: Albert Sacks, 1971–1981

18. The World of the Students, 1970s and 1980s

19. Faculty Discord, 1970s and 1980s

Conclusion

Appendix A. Law Schools Rejecting Case Method and the Harvard “System,” 1890–1915

Appendix B. Letter on Enrollment of Jewish Students, 1922

Appendix C. Law School Endowments at Harvard, Yale, and Columbia Universities, 1910–1930

Appendix D. Enrollments, Endowments, and Expenses of Medical, Law, and Business Schools of Columbia and Harvard Universities, 1890–1945

Appendix E. Increases of Combined Endowments of Columbia and Harvard Universities and Their Medical, Law, and Business Schools, 1890–1950

Appendix F. Enrollment of College Graduates in Harvard and Yale Law Schools, 1920–1935

Appendix G. Endowments, Expenses, and Enrollment of Harvard Law School and Yale Law School, 1905–1970

Appendix H. Financial Advantage of Yale Law School over Harvard Law School, 1894–1970

Appendix I. Women with Teaching Appointments at Harvard Law School, 1968–1985

Appendix J. Student Research Reports, Memos, and Articles Cited