Présentation de l'éditeur

Il volume presenta un collettivo lavoro di ricerca, pluriennale e interdisciplinare, sul significato del Concilio Vaticano I nella storia contemporanea. I saggi di trentasei studiosi di differenti Paesi consentono di collocare le tematiche conciliari nel contesto storico dei profondi mutamenti culturali, ecclesiali, teologici, filosofici, sociali e politici della modernità ottocentesca.

Giovandosi di distinti apporti disciplinari e sensibilità scientifiche, l’opera affronta il rapporto del concilio con la modernità sotto tre principali profili: l’interazione della Chiesa con i moderni processi sociali e istituzionali che sollecitarono l’iniziativa conciliare; l’esigenza pontificia e dei padri conciliari di una collegiale comprensione delle minacce che parvero incombere sulla comunità cattolica e di giungere a formulare proposte positive per vitalizzare il cattolicesimo nella società moderna; la percezione e la ricezione dell’evento conciliare dal Vaticano I al Vaticano II, ripensando i rapporti con gli Stati e ridando dinamismo (come istituzione e come formazione sociale) al corpo ecclesiale nella società post-rivoluzionaria. Individuare nel Concilio Vaticano I una tappa importante nel confronto della Santa Sede con la modernità significa, così, ridisegnare periodizzazioni e quadri interpretativi di ampio respiro.

Présentation de l'éditeur

This edited collection presents an interesting and original series of essays on the roles of principle and pragmatism in Roman private law. 

The book traverses key areas of Roman law to examine the explanatory power of - and delineate interactions between - abstract, doctrinal principle, and pragmatic, real-world problem-solving. Essays canvassing sources of law, property, succession, contracts and delicts sketch the varied roles of theoretical narratives - whether internal to Roman doctrine or derived from external influence - and of practical, policy-based solutions in the jurists' thought. 

Principled reasoning in Roman juristic argument ranges from safeguarding commerce, to the priority of acts or intentions in property transactions, to notions of pietas, to Platonic conceptions of the market. Pragmatism is discernible in myriad ways, from divergence between form and substance, to extension of legal rules for economic, social or political utility, to emphasis on what parties did rather than what they said. 

The distinctive contribution of the book is its survey of different manifestations of principle and pragmatism across Roman private law. The essays - by eminent as well as emerging academics - will stimulate debate about the roles principle and pragmatism play in juristic argument, and will be of interest to both scholars and students of Roman law.

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1. Principle and Pragmatism 
Benjamin Spagnolo and Joe Sampson

2. Modes of Roman Legal Reasoning in Context: A Brief Survey 
Paul J du Plessis

3. The Case of the Careless Purchaser, or 'Bonitary Ownership' and Ownership 
Mike Macnair

4. Explaining D. 41.1.36 
Joe Sampson

5. The Place of Rhetoric in Late Republican Law: Some Thoughts on Pietas and the Querela Inofficiosi Testamenti 
Graeme Cunningham

6. Writing, Speaking and the Roman Stipulatio 
David Ibbetson

7. Principle and Practice in the Pacta Adiecta 
Boudewijn Sirks

8. Plato, Principle and Pragmatism: Market Regulation in D. 50.11.2 
Constantin Willems

9. Limits of Juristic Argument in the Exercitorian Edict 
Peter Candy

10. Insulam Exurere: Reading Collatio 12.7.1–3 Closely 
Wolfgang Ernst

11. Quasi and (Cor)ruptio 
Benjamin Spagnolo

Présentation de l'éditeur

International Organizations play a pivotal role on the modern global stage and have done, this book argues, since the beginning of the 20th century. This volume offers the first historical exploration into the formative years of international public administrations, covering the birth of the League of Nations and the emergence of the second generation that still shape international politics today such as the UN, NATO and OECD. 

Centring on Europe, where the multilaterization of international relations played out more intensely in the mid-20th century than in other parts of the world, it demonstrates a broad range of historiographical and methodological approaches to institutions in international history. The book argues that after several 'turns' (cultural, linguistic, material, transnational), international history is now better equipped to restate its core questions of policy and power with a view to their institutional dimensions. Making use of new approaches in the field, this book develops an understanding of the specific powers and roles of IO-administrations by delving into their institutional make-up. 

“Just like the meaning of a word is its use in a language, the meaning of an International Organisation is its work in governance. In order to understand this highly productive social form, we need to understand how the employees work and how that work interacts with political life overall. This is exactly what this path-breaking volume helps us with. A triumph of inductive scholarship.” –  Iver B. Neumann, Director of Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Norway

“At a time when international organizations are bearing the brunt of anti-globalization, this collection is a much needed reminder of the complex of public service goals that sit at the heart of the history of the international order, as we know it.” –  Glenda Sluga, Professor of International History, European University Institute, Italy, and ARC Kathleen Fitzpatrick Laureate Fellow, The University of Sydney, Australia

“Organizing the 20th Century World is an outstanding work of scholarship. Gram-Skjoldager, Ikonomou, and Kahlert have gathered a collection of ground-breaking essays on the emergence of international administration. International historians have been waiting for a book like this for a long time” –  Daniel Gorman, Professor of History, University of Waterloo, Canada

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Chapter 1: Introduction, Karen Gram-Skjoldager, Aarhus University, Denmark and Haakon A. Ikonomou, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and Torsten Kahlert, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Part I: Populating Administrations

Chapter 2 Biographies and International Administrations in the 19th and 20th Century Bob Reinalda, Radboud University, The Netherlands.

Chapter 3 The Biography as Institutional Can-Opener: An Investigation of Core Bureaucratic Practices in the Early Years of the League of Nations Secretariat
Haakon A. Ikonomou, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Chapter 4 Prosopography – Unlocking the Social World of International Organizations
Torsten Kahlert, Aarhus University, Denmark.

Part II: Learning and Norms

Chapter 5: The Influence of the United States on the Rise of Global Governance in
Education: The OEEC and UNESCO in the Post-World War II Period,
Maren Elfert, King's College London, UK & Christian Ydesen, Aalborg University, Denmark.

Chapter 6: Learning Across Institutions – the Officials of the ECSC High Authority and EEC Commission, Katja Seidel, University of Westminster, UK 

Chapter 7: Food and Nutrition – Expertise Across International Epistemic Communities and Organizations, 1919-1960, Amy Sayward, Middle Tennessee State University, USA.

Part III: Legitimacy and Legimization

Chapter 8: Legitimizing International Bureaucracy – Press and Information Work from the League of Nations to the UN, Emil Seidenfaden, Aarhus University, Denmark

Chapter 9: The Avant-Garde of the League: The International Federation of League of Nations Societies and their Part in Governing the World, Anne Isabel Richard, Leiden University, The Netherlands

Chapter 10 An Uneasy Relationship – German Diplomats and Bureaucrats in the League of Nations, Michael Jonas, Helmut Schmidt Universität, Germany

Part IV: Leadership and Administration

Chapter 11: Secretaries-General and Crisis Management – Trygve Lie and the UN, Ellen Ravndal, University of Stavanger, Norway.

Chapter 12: Leadership Styles and Organizing Principles in NATO: Ismay, Spaak and Wörner, Linda Risso, Institute of Historical Research/School of Advanced Studies, UK

Chapter 13: The Making of International Civil Servants c. 1920-1960 – Establishing the Profession, Karen Gram-Skjoldager, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and Haakon A. Ikonomou, Aarhus University, Denmark

Présentation de l'éditeur

Vidéosurveillance de rue, compteurs connectés, fichiers numériques, puces RFID, lois sur le renseignement, géolocalisation, programme « Prism » de la NSA, reconnaissance faciale, traçage, recommandations et offres prédictives de la grande distribution... la surveillance est omniprésente dans les débats publics et semble avoir investi l'ensemble des territoires de la vie quotidienne, accréditant la thèse de l'avènement d'une véritable société de la surveillance généralisée.

Fantasme sécuritaire ou panique liberticide, la surveillance est également devenue un objet de réflexion scientifique, ouvrant un champ de recherche et d'analyse en plein développement : les Surveillance Studies.

En privilégiant une démarche pluridisciplinaire (littérature, philosophie, science politique, sociologie, sciences de la communication) et en abordant les évolutions médiatiques de la société (écrans, réseaux, plateformes), cet ouvrage propose un panorama complet des théories de la surveillance, des textes fondateurs (Bentham, Taylor, Weber, Foucault, Deleuze...) aux notions les plus récentes (« vigilance », « sousveillance », « capitalisme de surveillance », « shareveillance », « exposition »).

Depuis ces premières approches essentiellement organisationnelles, le champ s'est ouvert à la complexité des enjeux sociaux, politiques et personnels de la nouvelle « économie de la visibilité » numérique, laissant entrevoir l'émergence contemporaine d'une véritable « culture » de la surveillance.

Olivier Aïm est maître de conférences en Sciences de l'information et de la communication au Celsa (Sorbonne Université). Ses recherches portent sur l'histoire et la philosophie de la communication, la théorie des médias et des formes culturelles.

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Introduction

I. Premières approches théoriques de la surveillance

1. Les textes pionniers
2. Michel Foucault et le "panoptisme"
3. Le paradigme du "contrôle"

II. Les nouveaux agencements de la surveillance

4. Les quatre corps de la surveillance
5. La théorie "sécuritaire" de la surveillance
6. Les nouvelles gouvernementalités
7. Les agencements participatifs de la surveillance

III. Les  Surveillance Studies

8. La naissance de la "nouvelle surveillance"
9. La culture de la surveillance
10. Pour une ethnographie de la surveillance vécue
11. Pragmatique de la visibilité

Conclusion : À l'époque de la surveillabilité numérique