Présentation de l'éditeur

Este libro, siguiendo el método de la historia conceptual, explica la historia de la noción de “filosofía del derecho”. Parte desde la distinción entre la “simulata” y la “vera philosophia”, continúa con la noción renacentista de “philosophia legalis” y muestra que, desde 1650 hasta 1730, empezaron a proliferar, en las regiones luteranas, tratados y manuales con el nombre de “philosophia iuris”. Estas obras (desde Chopius a Reftelius, pasando por Thomasius) jamás se habían estudiado sistemáticamente. Estos profesores, a partir del bachillerato trienal en Filosofía y de la cátedra de “derecho natural”, buscaban unos primeros principios del derecho y querían trazar una base conceptual para la transición pedagógica desde la Facultad de Artes y Filosofía a la de Derecho. Tras unas décadas en las que se impuso definitivamente la noción de “ius naturale et gentium” (1730-1780), hubo –a causa de la filosofía kantiana– una violenta reacción contra los excesos filosóficos del iusnaturalismo racionalista. Se acuñó entonces –por parte de Hugo y otros– la noción de “Philosophie des positiven Rechts”, frente a la cual algunos filósofos como Hegel respondieron con una “Philosophie des Rechts” o “Rechtsphilosophie”. A través de este estudio histórico se llegan a unas reflexiones sobre la actual dicotomía entre “teoría” y “filosofía del derecho” y, a partir del análisis historico, se proponen algunas soluciones.

Présentation de l'éditeur

« Gouverner c’est prévoir », écrivait Emile de Girardin au XIXe siècle mais de tout temps, tous ceux qui exerçaient un pouvoir quelconque s’efforçaient de prévoir et pour cela s’informaient avec les moyens dont ils disposaient. Cet ouvrage collectif regroupe une vingtaine d’auteurs qui, de la Renaissance à nos jours évoquent les multiples facettes de l’information, le rôle des informateurs et les décisions prises par les détenteurs du pouvoir. Cet ouvrage s’inscrit dans l’axe « Pouvoirs : acteurs, espaces et représentations » du CEMMC.

Présentation de l'éditeur

Understanding legal rules not as determinants of behavior but as points of reference for conduct, this volume considers the ways in which rules are invoked, referred to, interpreted, put forward or blurred. It also asks how both legal practitioners and lay participants conceive of and participate in the construction of facts and rules, and thus, through decisions, defenses, pleas, files, evidence, interviews and documents, actively participate in law’s life. With attention to the formulation of notions such as person, evidence, intention, cause and responsibility in the course of legal practices, Legal Rules in Practice provides the outlines of a praxiological anthropology of law – an anthropology that focuses on words, concepts and reasoning as actively used to solve conflicts with the help of legal rules. As such, it will appeal to sociologists, anthropologists and scholars of law with interests in ethnomethodology, rule-based conduct and practical reasoning.

Sommaire

Introduction: legal rules in practice: an exploration into law’s life

B. Dupret, J. Colemans, and M. Travers

1. Ruleness

F. Schauer

Part 1: Ruleness and its relativity

2. No rule for the application of rules

M. Constable and L.R. Meyer

3. The structure of the legal system and the emergence of the state

M. Troper

4. Equality, hierarchy, and the place of rules

P. Dresch

5. Laws and proverbs: the making and unmaking of moral rules in historic Tibet

F. Pirie

Part 2: Materiality, artefactuality and idiosyncrasy of legal practices

6. Reading case files: the material organization of cases and the work of judges

J.-M. Weller

7. Verbatim records and the testing ceremony: on the production of decidability in German asylum hearings

T. Scheffer

8. Craft skills and legal rules: how Australian magistrates make bail decisions

M. Travers

9. Vernacular visions of viral videos: speaking for evidence that speaks for itself

M. Lynch

Part 3: Meaning and emotions in legal interpretation

10. Time to agree? Rules, agreements and consent judgements in a Belgian family court

B. Truffin

11. Law, emotions and categorizations: lightning a judicial blind spot: on the role of emotions inside the magistrate’s decision making

J. Colemans

12. Playing by the rules: the search for legal grounds in homosexuality cases -Indonesia, Lebanon, Egypt, Senegal

B. Dupret et al.

Présentation de l'éditeur

This book argues for a more moderate approach to history-writing in international criminal adjudication by articulating the elements of a “responsible history” normative framework. The question of whether international criminal courts and tribunals (ICTs) ought to write historical narratives has gained renewed relevance in the context of the recent turn to history in international criminal law, the growing attention to the historical legacies of the ad hoc Tribunals and the minimal attention paid to historical context in the first judgment of the International Criminal Court.

The starting point for this discussion is that, in cases of mass atrocities, prosecutors and judges are inevitably understood to be engaged in writing history and influencing collective memory, whether or not they so intend. Therefore, while writing history is an inescapable feature of ICTs, there is still today a significant lack of consensus over the proper place of this function. Since Hannah Arendt articulated her doctrine of strict legality, in response to the prosecutor’s expansive didactic approach in Eichmann, the legal debate on the subject has been largely polarised between restrictive and expansive approaches to history-writing in mass atrocity trials. What has been noticeably missing from this debate is the middle ground. The contribution this book seeks to make is precisely to articulate a framework that occupies that ground. The book asks: what are the lenses through which judges of ICTs interpret historical events, what kind of histories do ICTs write? and what kinds of histories should ICTs produce? Its arguments for a more moderate approach to history-writing are based on three distinct, but interrelated grounds: (1) Truth and Justice; (2) Right to Truth; and (3) Legal Epistemology.

Different target audiences may benefit from this book. Court officials and legal practitioners may find the normative framework developed herein useful in addressing the tensions between the competing objectives of ICTs and, in particular, in assessing the value of the history-writing function. Lawyers, historians and other academics may also find the analysis of the strengths, constraints and blind spots of the historical narratives written by ICTs interesting. This issue is particularly timely in view of current debates on the legacies of ICTs.

With a foreword by Sir Geoffrey Nice QC

Aldo Zammit Borda is Director of the Centre for Access to Justice and Inclusion at Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.

Sommaire

Introduction

Approaches to the History-Writing Function in International Criminal Adjudication

The Individual-Centred Lens

The Crime-Driven Lens

The Law-Affirming Lens

The Distinctive Approaches of History and Law

Aiming Towards Responsible History in International Criminal Adjudication

Conclusion