Primavera de Filippi, Morshed Mannan, Wessel Reijers, « The Emergence of Blockchain Constitutionalism », The Oxford Handbook of Digital Constitutionalism, Oxford University Press, 2024
Primavera de Filippi, Morshed Mannan, Wessel Reijers, « The Rise of Blockchain Egregores », Defining Web3: A Guide to the New Cultural Economy, Emerald Publishing Limited, 2024
Primavera de Filippi, Tara Merk, « How to DAO », 2024
Primavera de Filippi, Tara Merk, « How to DAO: the role of trust and confidence in institutional design », Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs): Innovation and vulnerability in the digital economy., Routledge, 2024
Primavera de Filippi, Géraldine Aïdan, « Le Ius artificiale entre intériorité et boîte noire : Le droit de l’IA est-il soluble dans le droit ? », in Presse universitaire de Laval (dir.), Justice sociale et intelligence artificielle, 2023
Primavera de Filippi, « Digital Assets Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain », FGV FINTECHS & Law, FGV Direito SP, 2022
Primavera de Filippi, Xavier Lavayssière, « Blockchain Technology: Toward a Decentralized Governance of Digital Platforms? », The Great Awakening: New Modes of Life amidst Capitalist Ruins, Punctum Book, 2020
Primavera de Filippi, « PLANTOÏDE: UNE FORME DE VIE FONDÉE SUR LA BLOCKCHAIN », in Genevieve Vidal, Olga Kisseleva (dir.), Double Vie d’Artistes, 2020
Primavera de Filippi, « Bitcoin », A History of Intellectual Property in 50 Objects, 2019
Primavera de Filippi, « Blockchain Technology and Decentralized Governance: The Pitfalls of a Trustless Dream », Decentralized Thriving : Governance and Community on the Web 3.0, 2019
Primavera de Filippi, « Citizenship in the Era of Blockchain-Based Virtual Nations », Debating Transformations of National Citizenship, 2018
Primavera de Filippi, Danièle Bourcier, « Les algorithmes sont ils devenus le langage ordinaire de l'administration ? », in Geneviève Koubi, Lucie Cluzel-Métayer, Wafa Tamzini (dir.), Lectures critiques du Code des relations Public et administration, LGDJ, 2018
Primavera de Filippi, « Blockchain : a global infrastructure for distributed governance and local manufacturing. », FabCities: The Mass Distribution of Almost Everything, 2018
Primavera de Filippi, « Repenser le droit à l'ère numérique : entre la régulation technique et la gouvernance algorithmique », in V. Gautrais, P.E. Moyse (dir.), Droit et Machine, Éditions Thémis, 2017
Primavera de Filippi, Michel Reymond, « Blockchain et droit à l'oubli », in Tristan Nitot, Nina Cercy (dir.), Numérique: reprendre le contrôle, 2016, pp. 138
Primavera de Filippi, De Filippi Primavera, « Gouvernance algorithmique: Vie privée et autonomie individuelle à l'ère des Big Data », in Primavera De Filippi, Daniele Bourcier (dir.), Open Data & Data Protection : Nouveaux defies pour la vie privée, Mare & Martin, 2016
International audience ; Les Big data se réfèrent à la collecte et à l'agrégation de grandes masses de données provenant de différentes sources, en vue d'en tirer des informations par l'intermédiaire d'analyses statistiques, descriptives et prédictives. L'analyse des données repose sur des techniques de 'data mining' qui consistent à agréger des données apparemment sans rapport afin de trouver des modèles et des corrélations, extraire de nouvelles informations et parfais même prédire certains événements ou tendances. Cet article examine les implications des Big data en ce qui concerne non seulement la vie privée des internautes mais aussi l'autonomie des individus. Aujourd'hui, de nombreux opérateurs en ligne se servent des Big data afin de fournir un service plus personnalisé à leur base d'utilisateurs, en fonction de leurs préférences (implicitement ou explicitement communiquées), leurs comportements passés et leurs communications en ligne. Ces pratiques —dénommées de " gouvernance algorithmique"— présentent un certain nombre d'avantages pour les utilisateurs, qui peuvent désormais profiter d'un service qui répond mieux à leurs attentes personnelles. Mais tandis que les avantages de la gouvernance algorithmique sont évidents pour la plupart des individus (qui donnent ainsi leur consentement pour la collecte et le traitement de leurs données personnelles), seuls quelques-uns d'entre eux réalisent effectivement le prix et les implications que cela peut avoir sur leur vie quotidienne. À ce propos, cet article examine les obligations légales et morales auxquelles les fournisseurs de services en ligne devraient être soumis, étant donné l'énorme influence qu'ils ont sur leurs utilisateurs, et, par extension, la société en général. En particulier, à l'ère des Big data, le coût de la gouvernance algorithmique peut devenir très élevé. Un effort excessif de personnalisation excessive pourraient éventuellement se transformer en surveillance de masse et manipulation. L'article conclut en montrant comment chaque décision déléguée à un algorithme constitue non seulement une menace pour le droit à la vie privée, mais aussi une restriction sur la capacité d'un individu à agir selon sa propre volonté.
Primavera de Filippi, Danièle Bourcier, « Three-Strikes Response to Copyright Infringement: The Case of HADOPI », in Francesca Musiani, Derrick L. Cogburn, Laura DeNardis, Nanette S. Levinson (dir.), The Turn to Infrastructure in Internet Governance, Palgrave-Macmillan, 2016
Primavera de Filippi, De Filippi Primavera, Reymond Michel, « La Blockchain: comment réguler sans autorité », 2016
Le droit à l'oubli, plus justement désigné comme un droit au déréférencement, est un outil de droit européen de la protection des données tendant à opposer aux opérateurs présents sur le réseau la souveraineté que les personnes physiques détiennent sur leurs données personnelles. Le texte explore l'interface entre ce développement juridique et la technologie de la blockchain, qui tend au contraire à la permanence des données.
Primavera de Filippi, Peter Troxler, « From material scarcity to arti8cial abundance – The case of FabLabs and 3D printing technologies », in van den Berg B. & van der Hof S. (dir.), 3D Printing : Legal, philosophical and economic dimensions., T.M.C. Asser Instituut, 2015, pp. 65-83
Primavera de Filippi, « Community Mesh Networks: Citizens Participation in the Deployment of Smart Cities », in Vesco, A. & Ferrero, F. (dir.), Social, Economic, and Environmental Sustainability in the Development of Smart Cities, IGI Global, 2015
Primavera de Filippi, « Translating Commons-Based Peer Production Values into Metrics: towards Commons-based Crypto-Currencies », in David Lee Kuo Chuen (dir.), Handbook of Digital Currency, Elsevier, 2015
Primavera de Filippi, Félix Tréguer, « Wireless Community Networks: Towards a Public Policy for the Network Commons? », Net Neutrality Compendium: Human Rights, Free Competition and the Future of the Internet, 2015
Primavera de Filippi, De Filippi Primavera, « Translating Commons-Based Peer Production Values into Metrics: Toward Commons-Based Cryptocurrencies », 2015
"Commons-based peer-production (CBPP) constitutes today an important driver for innovation, social and cultural development, both online and offline, through the establishment of an alternative, commons-based ecosystem, relying on peer-production and collaboration amongst peers contributing towards a common good. Yet, to the extent that it operates outside of the market economy, the value of CBPP cannot be understood by relying exclusively on traditional market mechanisms (such as pricing). Based on empirical research on emerging value forms in the context of CBPP, we seek to achieve a better understanding of the value produced by CBPP communities, so as to come up with an alternative, universal, denominator of value that could act as an interface between the commons-based ecosystem and the market economy."
Primavera de Filippi, Samer Hassan, « Measuring Value in the Commons-Based Ecosystem: Bridging the Gap Between the Commons and the Market », The MoneyLab Reader, Institute of Network Cultures, 2014
Primavera de Filippi, « Ubiquitous Computing in the Cloud: User Empowerment vs. User Obsequity », User Behavior in Ubiquitous Online Environments, IGI Global, 2013, pp. 44
Primavera de Filippi, Isabelle Ramade, « Les licences Creative Commons : Libre Choix ou Choix du Libre ? », in Camille Paloque-Berges, Benjamin Jean, Christophe Masutti (dir.), Histoire et cultures du Libre, Framabook, 2013, pp. 44
Primavera de Filippi, Daniele Bourcier, « Vers un nouveau modèle de partage entre l'administration et les communautés numériques », in Nicolas Matyjasik, Philippe Mazuel (dir.), Génération Y et gestion publique : quels enjeux ?, Comité pour l'histoire économique et financière de la France, 2012, pp. 67
Primavera de Filippi, FERNÁNDEZ-BARRERA Meritxell, GOMES DE ANDRADE Norberto Nuno, DE FILIPPI Primavera, VIOLA DE AZEVEDO CUNHA Mario, « Introduction: Looking into the Future », 2010
Primavera de Filippi, Kelsie Nabben, « Accountability protocols? On-chain dynamics in blockchain governance », Internet Policy Review, Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, 2024, n°4
Primavera de Filippi, Balazs Bodo, « Trust in context: The impact of regulation on blockchain and DeFi », Regulation and Governance, Wiley, 2024
Primavera de Filippi, Anne Gagnebien, Geneviève Vidal, Chantal Enguehard, David Fayon, « Blockchains : quels enjeux juridiques, économiques, et énergétiques ? », Terminal. Technologie de l’information, culture & société, L'Harmattan / CREIS, 2023, n°136
Primavera de Filippi, Bruno Deffains, Philémon Poux, « Maximal Extractable Value ou la Tragédie des Blockchains en tant que Communs », Creis-Terminal, 2023
Introduction Contrairement aux bases de données centralisées, dont les données sont stockées sur un serveur ou un centre de données centralisé géré par une entité unique, une blockchain est un entrepôt décentralisé dont les données sont répliquées sur plusieurs nœuds du réseau. Il existe deux grandes catégories d’acteurs impliqués dans une blockchain : les utilisateurs et les opérateurs. Les utilisateurs du réseau sont ceux qui soumettent des messages au réseau afin d’exécuter une transaction...
Primavera de Filippi, Philémon Poux, Bruno Deffains, « Maximal Extractable Value ou la Tragédie des Blockchains en tant que Communs », Terminal. Technologie de l’information, culture & société, L'Harmattan / CREIS, 2023
Primavera de Filippi, Marc Santolini, « Extitutional Theory: Modeling Structured Social Dynamics Beyond Institutions », Ephemera : Theory and Politics in Organization, Ephemera Editorial Collective / Ephemera Editorial Collective Warwick Business School (WBS), 2022
Primavera de Filippi, Wessel Reijers, Liav Orgad, « The Rise of Cybernetic Citizenship », Citizenship Studies, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2022
Primavera de Filippi, Michael Zargham, Joshua Tan, Luke Miller, Jonathan Abbott [et alii], « Towards a participatory digital ethnography of blockchain governance », Qualitative Inquiry, SAGE Publications, 2022, n°7
Primavera de Filippi, Morshed Mannan, Wessel Reijers, « The alegality of blockchain technology », Policy and Society, , 2022
Primavera de Filippi, Horst Treiblmaier, Melanie Swan, Mary Lacity, Thomas Hardjono [et alii], « What’s Next in Blockchain Research? – An Identification of Key Topics Using a Multidisciplinary Perspective », Database for Advances in Information Systems, , 2021
Primavera de Filippi, Morshed Mannan, Wessel Reijers, « The Alegality of Blockchain Technology », Social Policy and Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2021
Primavera de Filippi, Andrea Leiter, « Blockchain in Outer Space », AJIL Unbound, , 2021
Primavera de Filippi, Ioannis Bardakos, Dalila Honorato, Claudia Jacques, Claudia Westermann, « On modes of participation », Technoetic Arts, , 2021
Primavera de Filippi, Morshed Mannan, Wessel Reijers, « Blockchain as a confidence machine: The problem of trust & challenges of governance », Technology in Society, Elsevier, 2020
Primavera de Filippi, Fennie Wang, « Self-Sovereign Identity in a Globalized World: Credentials-Based Identity Systems as a Driver for Economic Inclusion », Frontiers in Blockchain | www.frontiersin.org, , 2020
Primavera de Filippi, Alexis Collomb, Klara Sok, « Blockchain Technology and Financial Regulation: A Risk-Based Approach to the Regulation of ICOs », European Journal of Risk Regulation, Cambridge University Press, 2019
Primavera de Filippi, Sinclair Davidson, Jason Potts, « Blockchains and the economic institutions of capitalism », Journal of Institutional Economics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2018, n°4
Primavera de Filippi, Danièle Bourcier, « Vers un droit collectif sur les données de santé », RDSS. Revue de droit sanitaire et social, Sirey ; Dalloz , 2018, n°3, p. 444
Primavera de Filippi, Danièle Bourcier, « La transparence des algorithmes face à l'Open Data : Quel statut pour les données d'apprentissage ? », Revue française d’administration publique, Institut international d'administration publique - École nationale d'administration (ENA) - Institut national du service public (INSP) , 2018
Primavera de Filippi, Wessel Reijers, Iris Wuisman, Morshed Mannan, Christopher Wray [et alii], « Now the Code runs itself : On-chain and Off-chain governance of blockchain technology », Topoi, Springer Verlag, 2018
Primavera de Filippi, Hassan Samer, De Filippi Primavera, « The Expansion of Algorithmic Governance: From Code is Law to Law is Code », , 2018
“Code is law” is a form of regulation whereby technology is used to enforce existing rules. With the advent of Blockchain and Machine Learning, we are witnessing a new trend, whereby technology is progressively taking the upper-hand over these rules.
Primavera de Filippi, Samer Hassan, « The Expansion of Algorithmic Governance: From Code is Law to Law is Code », Field Actions Science Reports, Institut Veolia, 2017
Primavera de Filippi, Melanie Swan, « Towards a Philosophy of Blockchain », Metaphilosophy, Wiley, 2017
Primavera de Filippi, Alex Pazaitis, Vasilis Kostakis, « Blockchain and value systems in the sharing economy: The illustrative case of Backfeed », Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, 2017
Primavera de Filippi, Mélanie Dulong de Rosnay, « Le pirate informatique, un explorateur des courants juridiques du réseau », , 2017
L’article étudie la figure du pirate informatique, ses différentes facettes et son évolution sous l’influence du traitement de la technique par le droit. L’analyse s’opère selon l’angle des relations entre les normes juridiques, techniques, et sociales, en se concentrant sur l’influence réciproque des nouvelles technologies qui contournent le droit et des règles du droit qui, en essayant de réguler ces nouvelles technologies, finissent par s’étendre à de nouveaux territoires auparavant non régulés. Des premières radios libres ou pirates aux plateformes de partage de fichiers entre pairs, on observe une régularité dans les tensions et les décalages entre les innovations techniques, d’abord à la marge, et la législation en vigueur. L’extension du champ de la régulation juridique provoque une évolution de la technique, et une généralisation de l’usage de ces techniques pour exercer certains droits menacés par les législations anti-pirates.
Primavera de Filippi, Samer Hassan, « Blockchain Technology as a Regulatory Technology: From Code is Law to Law is Code », First Monday, University of Illinois at Chicago Library, 2016
Primavera de Filippi, Benjamin Jean, « Les Smart Contracts, les nouveaux contrats augmentés ? », Conseils et Entreprises, Avocats Conseils d'Entreprise, 2016
Primavera de Filippi, Benjamin Loveluck, « The invisible politics of Bitcoin: governance crisis of a decentralised infrastructure », Internet Policy Review, Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, 2016, n°3
Primavera de Filippi, « The interplay between decentralization and privacy: the case of blockchain technologies », Journal of Peer Production, , 2016
Primavera de Filippi, « Disrupting Governance: The New Institutional Economics Of Distributed Ledger Technology », Zenodo, , 2016
Distributed ledger technology, invented for cryptocurrencies, is increasingly understood as a new general-purpose technology for a broad range of economic activities that rely on consensus of a database of transactions or records. However, blockchains are more than just a disruptive new ICT. Rather, they are a new institutional technology of governance that competes with other economic institutions of capitalism, namely firms, markets, networks, and even governments. We present this view of blockchains through a case study of Backfeed, an Ethereum-based platform for creating new types of commons-based collaborative economies.
Primavera de Filippi, Félix Tréguer, De Filippi Primavera, Tréguer Félix, « Expanding the Internet Commons: The Subversive Potential of Wireless Community Networks », Journal of Peer Production, , 2015, n°6
International audience ; In this paper, we focus on an ongoing—though too often neglected—phenomenon of decentralization in telecommunications networks: we show how the current revival of grassroots community networks can counterbalance the erosion of autonomy of Internet users that results from current telecom policies. As opposed to more larger and centralized network infrastructures owned and managed by powerful third parties (such as the state or large, highly capitalized Internet Service Providers (ISPs)), grassroots community networks are deployed by the community and for the community at the local or regional level. Rather than being driven by profits, they focus on the actual needs of the needs of its participants. They also experiment with novel models of distributed governance relying on cooperation and sharing among a community of peers (from a dozen to tens of thousands participants), and that are reminiscent of commons-based peer production schemes (Benkler 2006). In our study, we focus on 'Wireless Community Networks' (WCN) (i.e those community networks providing connectivity through radio technologies, and Wi-Fi especially). While many community networks do not rely on radio technologies, those who do exhibit particular features that contrast more strongly from the dominant model found in traditional ISPs. In particular, to the extent that they rely solely and exclusively on free-to-use airwaves (or 'spectrum commons'), WCN are to some extent more independent from incumbent ISPs than landline community networks who necessarily have to enter into a contractual relationship with the owners of the 'last-mile' landline network infrastructure.
Primavera de Filippi, Lionel Maurel, « The paradoxes of open data and how to get rid of it? Analysing the interplay between open data and sui-generis rights on databases », Columbia Science & Technology Law Review, , 2015, n°1, pp. 1-22
Primavera de Filippi, Danièle Bourcier, « Architecture et gouvernance : Le cas des architectures distribuées sur Internet », Pensée plurielle - Parole, pratiques et réflexions du social, Haute École Charleroi-Europe / De Boeck Supérieur, 2014, p. 42
Primavera de Filippi, Melanie Dulong de Rosnay, « Le pirate informatique, un explorateur des courants juridiques du réseau », Tracés : Revue de Sciences Humaines, ENS Éditions, 2014, n°26, p. 42
Le bateau c’est la liberté, pas seulement le moyen d’atteindre un but.Bernard Moitessier, navigateur, Tamata et l’Alliance L’Internet, un réseau mondial décentralisé, s’est constitué comme un espace de plus en plus régulé par des États qui luttent pour maintenir ou même établir leur souveraineté sur le réseau (Post, 1996). Par suite de nombreuses réformes législatives, les États se sont progressivement emparés du réseau, étendant ainsi leur juridiction à un espace qui se situait auparavant au...
Primavera de Filippi, Katarzyna Gracz, « Regulatory failure of copyright law through the lenses of autopoietic systems theory », International Journal of Law and Information Technology, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2014, p. 46
Primavera de Filippi, Miguel Said Vieira, « Between Copyleft and Copyfarleft : advanced reciprocity for the commons », Journal of Peer Production, , 2014, p. 42
Primavera de Filippi, « Bitcoin: a regulatory nightmare to a libertarian dream. », Internet Policy Review, Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, 2014, n°2, p. 43
Primavera de Filippi, Danièle Bourcier, « Open data : l'ouverture des données », La Semaine juridique. Édition générale, Éditions techniques - Éditions du Juris-classeur - LexisNexis , 2014, p. 42
Primavera de Filippi, Miguel Said Vieira, « THE COMMODIFICATION OF INFORMATION COMMONS: THE CASE OF CLOUD COMPUTING », Columbia Science & Technology Law Review, , 2014
Primavera de Filippi, Danièle Bourcier, « L'Open Data : universalité du principe et diversité des expériences ? », La Semaine juridique. Édition générale, Éditions techniques - Éditions du Juris-classeur - LexisNexis , 2013, n°38, pp. 1-9
Primavera de Filippi, Danièle Bourcier, « La double face de l'Open data », Les Petites Affiches, Journaux judiciaires associés , 2013, pp. 1-5
Primavera de Filippi, « Une charte éthique pour le Big Data », Documentaliste - Sciences de l'Information, ADBS, 2013, pp. 8-9
Primavera de Filippi, Danièle Bourcier, « Les communautés numériques : Objectifs, principes et différences », Les Cahiers français : documents d'actualité, La Documentation Française, 2013, n°372, p. 44
Primavera de Filippi, Luca Belli, « The Law of the Cloud v the Law of the Land : Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation », European Journal of Law and Technology, University of Warwick, 2012, n°2
Primavera de Filippi, Smari Mccarthy, « Cloud Computing : Centralization and Data Sovereignty », European Journal of Law and Technology, University of Warwick, 2012, n°2
Primavera de Filippi, Benjamin Jean, « De la culture papier à la culture numérique : l'évolution du droit face aux médias », Implications philosophiques, Implications philosophiques, 2012, p. 18
Primavera de Filippi, DAVIDSON SINCLAIR, DE FILIPPI PRIMAVERA, POTTS JASON, « Blockchains and the economic institutions of capitalism »,
Primavera de Filippi, Morshed Mannan, Wessel Reijers, Blockchain Technology and the Rule of Code: Regulation via Governance, 2024
Primavera de Filippi, Géraldine Aïdan, Usages et mésusages des biais dans le droit : l’IA a-t-elle conquis l’intériorité d’un juge humain ?, 2022
Primavera de Filippi, De Filippi Primavera, Wright Aaron, Blockchain and the law: the rule of code, 2018
Primavera de Filippi, Bourcier Danièle, De Filippi Primavera, Transparence des algorithmes face à l’open data : quel statut pour les données d’apprentissage ?, 2018
RésuméL’utilisation d’algorithmes informatiques au sein des administrations publiques risque d’obfusquer les fondements factuels et juridiques des décisions administratives. Dans l’effort de respecter les principes d’un gouvernement ouvert (open data), le législateur s’est jusqu’à présent focalisé sur la transparence de la décision algorithmique, mais rien n’est précisé sur les données qui vont influencer ces algorithmes. Cet article s’intéresse aux problématiques liées à l’application d’algorithmes dans les décisions administratives, et souligne la nécessité de garantir non seulement l’accès au code source de ces algorithmes, mais aussi l’accès aux bases de données qui les ont entraînés. ; Transparency of algorithms in a context of open data: which status for learning data?Public administration’s reliance on software algorithms brings the risk of obfuscating the factual and legal basis of administrative decisions. In accordance with the principles of open data, new rules have been introduced to preserve the transparency of algorithmic decisions, yet nothing has been said concerning the data that will influence these algorithms. This article investigates the issues stemming from the use of algorithms in the public administration, and underlines the need to guarantee not only access to the source code of these algorithms, but also access to the databases on which they have been trained.
Primavera de Filippi, Blockchain-based Crowdfunding: what impact on artistic production and art consumption?, 2016
Primavera de Filippi, The invisible politics of Bitcoin: governance crisis of a decentralised infrastructure, 2016
Bitcoin is a decentralised currency and payment system that seeks to eliminate the need for trusted authorities. It relies on a peer-to-peer network and cryptographic protocols to perform the functions of traditional financial intermediaries, such as verifying transactions and preserving the integrity of the system. This article examines the political economy of Bitcoin, in light of a recent dispute that divided the Bitcoin community with regard to a seemingly simple technical issue: whether or not to increase the block size of the Bitcoin blockchain. By looking at the socio-technical constructs of Bitcoin, the article distinguishes between two distinct coordination mechanisms: governance by the infrastructure (achieved via the Bitcoin protocol) and governance of the infrastructure (managed by the community of developers and other stakeholders). It then analyses the invisible politics inherent in these two mechanisms, which together display a highly technocratic power structure. On the one hand, as an attempt to be self-governing and self-sustaining, the Bitcoin network exhibits a strong market-driven approach to social trust and coordination, which has been embedded directly into the technical protocol. On the other hand, despite being an open source project, the development and maintenance of the Bitcoin code ultimately relies on a small core of highly skilled developers who play a key role in the design of the platform.
Primavera de Filippi, De Filippi Primavera, Maurel Lionel, The paradoxes of open data and how to get rid of it? Analysing the interplay between open data and sui-generis rights on databases, 2015
Open Data is an important public policy that contributes to achieving greater transparency and broader access to information, more citizen participation and engagement, while also supporting innovation and economic growth. The pace at which the Open Data movement is spreading in different fields of endeavour can be taken as an illustration that society is evolving towards greater openness, transparency and accountability. Yet, several constraints and legal uncertainties subsist beyond the façade of Open Data. This article investigates different layers of rights that regulate the use and re-use of data: from the copyright vesting in the content and/or structure of a particular dataset, to the sui-generis right protecting against the substantial reproduction and/or extraction of the content of a database. The objective is, ultimately, to illustrate the conflictual relationship that subsists between the underlying principles of Open Data, which purports to promote the free use and re-use of information, and the underlying legal system, whose provisions are increasingly relied upon to establish an exclusive right on public sector information.
Primavera de Filippi, Luca Belli, Framing the Network Neutrality debate : a multi-stakeholder approach towards a policy blue-print, Report of the Dynamic Coalition on Network Neutrality, 2014, 42 p.
Primavera de Filippi, Big data, big responsibilities, 2014
Big data refers to the collection and aggregation of large quantities of data produced by and about people, things or the interactions between them. With the advent of cloud computing, specialised data centres with powerful computational hardware and software resources can be used for processing and analysing a humongous amount of aggregated data coming from a variety of different sources. The analysis of such data is all the more valuable to the extent that it allows for specific patterns to be found and new correlations to be made between different datasets, so as to eventually deduce or infer new information, as well as to potentially predict behaviours or assess the likelihood for a certain event to occur. This article will focus specifically on the legal and moral obligations of online operators collecting and processing large amounts of data, to investigate the potential implications of big data analysis on the privacy of individual users and on society as a whole.
Primavera de Filippi, Bitcoin: a regulatory nightmare to a libertarian dream, 2014
This article provides an overview of national policies and current discussions on the regulation of bitcoin in Europe and beyond. After presenting the potential threat that cryptocurrencies pose to governmental and financial institutions worldwide, it discusses the regulatory challenges and the difficulty for national regulators to come up with a sound regulatory framework, which the author believes explains the current (lack of) regulatory responses in this field. The article concludes that regulation is needed, but that in order not to excessively stifle innovation in this nascent ecosystem, some of these challenges might better be addressed through self-regulation.
Primavera de Filippi, De Filippi Primavera, Bourcier Danièle, Réseaux et gouvernance. Le cas des architectures distribuées sur internet, 2014
Primavera de Filippi, Gracz Katarzyna, De Filippi Primavera, Regulatory failure of copyright law through the lenses of autopoietic systems theory, 2014
The article explores the mechanisms that led to the current crisis of copyright law in the digital environment (understood as its inability to regulate social dynamics as regards the production, dissemination and access to creative works) by applying the concept of law as an autopoietic system. It analyses how the copyright regime (a subsystem of the legal system) evolved over time, by scrutinizing the interdependencies between copyright law and the other constitutive systems of its environment: the creative system (concerned with the creation, reproduction, distribution and access to creative works), the political system (comprising both the State and the Church), the economic system (ruled by right holders and intermediaries on the market for creative works) and the technological system. It will be shown that every new development in the technological system irritated the remaining systems, thereby stimulating the evolution of the overall ecosystem. For a long time, copyright law managed to properly adjust to the environmental changes brought by technological developments, so as to successfully regulate the production, dissemination and access to creative works. It is only with the advent of Internet and digital technologies that copyright law’s selective response to environmental stimuli resulted in its failure to adapt to the new reality and, consequently, in the loss of its regulative power. Reacting mostly to the pressures of the economic and political systems (ie the lobbying of right holders and intermediaries), while neglecting the needs of the creative system, and even failing to adjust to the specificities of the changing technological system, copyright law eventually disrupted the balance of the surrounding environment. Furthering the economic interests of intermediaries (often at the expense of the public and in certain cases of the authors) created a series of divergences between legal norms—increasingly restricting the access, use and reuse of creative works—and social norms (produced within the creative system, and supported by the new opportunities of digital technologies), which advocate for the free use and reuse of digital works. Over the years, copyright law distanciated itself so much from the social reality in which it operates that it has lost most of its credibility and applicability in the digital world. Hence, the article contends that, for copyright law to successfully regulate the production, dissemination and access to cultural works, it must be radically reformed in light of the intrinsic logic and needs of all constitutive systems of modern society, without favouring those of the economic and political systems over those of the creative system. It concludes that society (as a whole) might only benefit from the new opportunities offered by digital technologies if copyright law properly adapts to the digital era by embracing—rather than opposing—the specificities of the digital world.
Primavera de Filippi, Flawed cloud architectures and the rise of decentral alternatives, 2013
The high degree of centralisation that characterises many cloud-based services raises a series of challenges in terms of (a) security, due to there being only a few points of failure or attack, (b) privacy, due to the users’ lack of control over the collection and use of personal data, and (c) user autonomy, given that users increasingly depend on third parties services and infrastructures. After analysing the drawbacks of traditional cloud computing platforms, this article provides an overview of how civil society is progressively challenging the centralised cloud establishment by providing decentralised alternatives to cloud computing which could potentially help overcome these drawbacks.
Primavera de Filippi, Taxing the cloud: introducing a new taxation system on data collection?, 2013
Cloud computing services are increasingly hosted on international servers and distributed amongst multiple data centres. Given their global scope, it is often easier for large multinational corporations to effectively circumvent old taxation schemes designed around the concept of territorial jurisdiction and geographical settings. In view of obtaining tax revenues from these online operators whose business is partially carried out in France, the French government recently issued a report emphasising the need for new taxation rules that would better comply with the way value is generated in the digital economy: at the international level, it is suggested that taxation should be calculated according to the place of interaction with end-users; at the national level, the report suggests to introduce a transitory tax on data collection in order to promote innovation and encourage good online practices.
Primavera de Filippi, Foreign clouds in the European sky: how US laws affect the privacy of Europeans, 2013
This article presents a general analysis of how user autonomy in the cloud is increasingly put into jeopardy by the growing comfort and efficiency of the user-interface. Although this issue has not been, thus far, explicitly addressed by the law, it is a fundamental ethical question that should be carefully assessed to guide the future deployment of cloud computing. Different policy decisions might, in fact, significantly affect user’s fundamental rights and online freedoms by shifting the balance from one part or another of the trade-off. This article aims to explore emerging trends in cloud computing technologies and analyse them from an ethical perspective to identify the issues they might raise, and the extent to which current laws and regulations actually take these issues into account.
Primavera de Filippi, Cloud computing: analysing the trade-off between user comfort and autonomy, 2013
This article presents a general analysis of how user autonomy in cloud computing is increasingly put into jeopardy by the growing comfort and efficiency of the user-interface. Although this issue has not been, thus far, explicitly addressed by law, it is a fundamental ethical question that should be carefully assessed to guide the future deployment of cloud services. Different policy decisions might, in fact, significantly affect user’s fundamental rights and online freedoms by shifting the balance from one part of the trade-off to the other. This article aims to explore emerging trends in cloud computing technologies and analyse them from an ethical perspective. among other in order to identify the issues they might raise, and the extent to which current laws and regulations take these issues into account.
Primavera de Filippi, Law of the cloud: on the supremacy of the user interface over copyright law, 2013
Cloud computing technologies are commonly used for delivering content or information to users who no longer need to store this data onto their own devices. This is likely to have an important impact on the effectivity of copyright law in the context of online applications, insofar as the underlying infrastructure of the cloud is such that is allows cloud operators to control the manner in which and the extent to which users can exploit such content - regardless of whether it is protected by copyright law or it has already fallen in the public domain. This article analyses the extent to which the provisions of copyright law can potentially be bypassed by cloud computing applications whose interface is designed to regulate the access, use and reuse of online content, and how these online applications can be used to establish private regimes of regulation that often go beyond the scope of the traditional copyright regime.
Primavera de Filippi, Growing information asymmetries as the cloud spreads, 2013
To the extent that they provide content or information to the public, many cloud operators can be regarded as infomediaries - information intermediaries between users looking for information and the supplier of that information. As a general rule, 'infomediaries' are considered to be neutral providers of information. People often believe that the information they provide is unbiased, as they do not act on behalf of any third-party supplier or vendor, nor do they try to promote any type of information over the other. However, this situation is seldom true in the context of cloud computing, as many cloud operators have the discretionary power to decide exactly what kind of information is made available to the public and how that information is presented. While there are many ways in which this could affect the experience (and satisfaction) of end-users, this article analyses how hierarchies of information curation and distribution fundamentally challenge the user’s right to access to information.
Primavera de Filippi, Copyright Law in the Digital Environment : Private Ordering and the regulation of digital works, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing De Filippi P. (2012b), The Concept of a Digital Copy, 2012
Primavera de Filippi, Smari Mccarthy, Cloud Computing: Legal Issues in Centralized Architectures, 2011
Abstract: Cloud computing can be defined as the provision of computing resources on-demand over the Internet. Although this might bring a number of advantages to end-users in terms of accessibility and elasticity of costs, problems arise concerning the collection of personal information in the Cloud and the legitimate exploitation thereof. To the extent most of the content and software application are only accessible online, users have no longer control over the manner in which they can access their data and the extent to which parties can exploit it.
Primavera de Filippi, « Les transformations de l’Etat », le 17 septembre 2021
Organisé pour le Centre d’Etude et de Recherche en Science Administrative (CERSA – CNRS) - Paris II Panthéon-Assas par Anne-Laure Riotte et Kim-Khanh Pham
Primavera de Filippi, Philémon Poux, Simona Ramos, « Blockchain for the Governance of Common Good », Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Distributed Infrastructure for Common Good (DIGC ’20)., Online, le 08 décembre 2020
Primavera de Filippi, « Qualifications et états de la Blockchain », le 24 avril 2019
Organisé par l'AFDIT en partenariat avec le Centre de Recherche en Economie du Droit (CRED) de l’Université Paris II
Primavera de Filippi, « La numérisation de l’argent liquide : la fin du cash ? Enjeux juridiques et politiques », le 06 décembre 2018
Colloque international organisé par le CERSA, avec le soutien de l'Université Panthéon-Assas
Primavera de Filippi, François Verdier, Frédéric Mallet, Philippe Collet, Lise Arena [et alii], « Smart IoT for Mobility: Automating of Mobility Value Chain through the Adoption of Smart Contracts within IoT Platforms », le 05 septembre 2018
Primavera de Filippi, « Concurrence des normativités », le 14 juin 2018
Colloque international co-organisé par le CERSA - Paris 2, le GREGHEC - HEC, Paris, le Centre Perelman - ULB, Bruxelles et ETHICS - ICL, Lille
Primavera de Filippi, « Ubérisation et économie collaborative : Évolutions récentes dans l’Union européenne et ses États membres », le 17 janvier 2018
Journée internationale de jeunes chercheurs organisée par Araceli Turmo, Maître de conférences, Université de Nantes et Max Baumgart, Doctorant, Université de Cologne et Université de Bâle
Primavera de Filippi, « La Blockchain, angle mort du droit ? », le 21 juin 2017
Primavera de Filippi, « Entre Etat et Marché, la dynamique du Commun », le 08 juin 2017
Organisé par le Centre d’études et de recherches de science administrative (CERSA), Fund for democratic culture (FDC), le Centre éthique, technique et société (ICAM Paris-Sénart),l’ Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales (GSPR)
Primavera de Filippi, Nathalie Nevejans, Jean-Paul Laumond, Bruno Deffains, Stéphanie Smatt [et alii], « Allons-nous être remplacés par des robots ? », Robes & robots, Paris, le 30 mars 2017
Primavera de Filippi, « Les États généraux de la recherche sur le Droit et la Justice », le 30 janvier 2017
Primavera de Filippi, Sinclair Davidson, Jason Potts, « Economics of Blockchain », Public Choice Conference, Fort Lauderdale United States (US), le 10 mai 2016
Primavera de Filippi, Samer Hassan, « Reputation and Quality Indicators to improve Community Governance », Proceedings of Transvaluation Symposium, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg Sweden (SE), le 21 mai 2015
Primavera de Filippi, Miguel Vieira, « Information Commons between Peer-Production and Commodification: the case of Cloud Computing », 17th Annual Conference of The International Society for New Institutional Economics, Florence Italy (IT), le 20 juin 2013
Primavera de Filippi, De Filippi Primavera, Vieira Miguel Said, « Information Commons Between Peer-Production and Commodification: The Case of Cloud Computing », le 01 janvier 2013
"Internet and digital technologies allowed for the emergence of new modes of production involving cooperation and collaboration amongst peers (peerproduction) and oriented towards the maximization of the common goodas opposed to the maximization of profits. To ensure that content will always remain available to the public, the output of production is often released under a specific regime that prevents anyone from subsequently turning it into a commodity (the regime of information commons). While this might reduce the likelihood of commodification, information commons can nonetheless be exploited by the market economy. Indeed, since they have been made available for use by anyone, large online service providers can indirectly benefit from the commons by capturing the value derived from it. While this is not a problem as such, problems arise when the exploitation of the commons by one agent is likely to preclude others from doing the sameoften as a result of commodification. This is especially true in the context of cloud computing, where the content holder has become as powerful, if not more powerful than the copyright owner. Nowadays, regardless of their legal status, information commons are increasingly controlled by large corporations who can precisely define the manner in which they can be used or accessed. Digital communities need to be aware of these risks. This article proposes a theoretical and normative exploration of these issues, based on the analysis of recent trends in the area of cloud computing. It argues that, in order to reduce the likelihood of commodification, but still benefit from the advantages offered by cloud computing, digital communities should rely on decentralized platforms based on peertopeer architecturesthereby escaping from the centralized control of large service providers while nonetheless preserving the autonomy of the commons they produce."
Primavera de Filippi, Katarzyna Gracz, « Resolving the crisis of copyright law in the digital environment : reforming the "copy-right" into a "reuse-right" », 7th International Conference on the interaction of knowledge rights, data protection and communication., Helsinki Finland (FI), le 26 novembre 2012
Primavera de Filippi, Maria Grazia Porcedda, « Privacy Belts on the Innovation Highway », Internet, Politics, Policy 2012: Big Data, Big Challenges?, Oxford United Kingdom (GB), le 20 septembre 2012
Primavera de Filippi, Daniele Bourcier, « Cloud Computing: New Research Perspectives for Computer & Law », 13th International Conference of Artificial Intelligence & Law United States (US), le 06 juin 2011
Primavera de Filippi, De Filippi Primavera, « The Concept of a Digital Copy », 15th International Legal Informatics Symposium (IRIS) Austria (AT), le 23 février 2012
International audience ; Copyright law has been challenged by the advent of digital technologies. It is today necessary to draw a distinction between the concept of a "copy" according to whether it refers to a physical copy (token) or a digital copy (type). While, in the physical world, the copy determines the scope of the copyright license, in the digital world, it is the copyright license that actually determines the scope of a digital copy.
Primavera de Filippi, Vieira Miguel Said, « The Commodification of Information Commons », le 01 janvier 2012
"Commoning is the social practices of sharing physical commons and information commons."
Primavera de Filippi, Smari Mccarthy, « Cloud Computing: Legal Issues in Centralized Architectures », VII International Conference on Internet, Law and Politics Spain (ES), le 11 juillet 2011
Primavera de Filippi, De Filippi Primavera, « Ontologies of Intellectual Property », Know Right 2010: Conference on the Interaction of Information Related Rights, Information Technology and Knowledge Management Austria (AT), le 05 mai 2010
International audience ; As both the quantity and the variety of published material continue to grow over the years, keeping track of the different publications available and of their respective versions and editions has become a complex task. Besides, given the malleability of digital content, identifying the copy of a work consistently over time has become increasingly difficult. An ontological framework capable of identifying the different aspects of a work should therefore be developed in order to determine the extent to which the terms and conditions of a copyright license may or may not apply to the various instances of a work.
Primavera de Filippi, De Filippi Primavera, « Copyright in the Digital Environment: From Intellectual Property to Virtual Property », 7th International Workshop for Technical, Economic and Legal Aspects of Business Models for Virtual Goods, le 22 septembre 2009
International audience ; In recent years, copyright law has been subject to a series of legislative reforms aimed at preserving the self-regulating feature of the copyright regime in the digital environment. However, as the law does no longer reflect their expectations, a growing number of right holders are relying on private ordering in order to adjust the default provisions of the copyright regime with a variety of contractual means. Within the digital environment, the establishment of an alternative regime of property rights could however facilitate the exploitation and the dissemination of digital works, allowing for the copyright owners to maintain a certain level of control over the exploitation of theirs works while simultaneously decreasing the level of discrepancies that may occur between copyright law and property law. The regime would distinguish between the copyright protection granted to the work as an intellectual creation and the specific terms and conditions governing the exploitation of any given instance of the work, into which the copyright owner could introduce a series of restrictions and/or obligations enforceable erga omnes. Digital works would therefore become more akin to virtual goods which could be alienated independently of any contractual relationship, given that the rights and obligations regulating the consumption of a work would now be vesting into the actual instance of the work. By getting rid of the contractual relationship that is today required for the consumption of digital works, the ownership thereof could be transferred to any third party and the doctrine of exhaustion be reintroduced, thereby allowing for the market for information goods to develop with fewer constraints.