Présentation de l’éditeur

An authoritative and first-of-its-kind critical constitutional history of the war on drugs that shows how drug prohibition was shaped by constitutional law, and how constitutional law was shaped by drug prohibition.

The U.S. government's decades-long "war on drugs" is increasingly recognized as a moral travesty as well as a policy failure. The criminalization of substances such as marijuana and magic mushrooms offends core tenets of liberalism, from the right to self-rule to protection of privacy to freedom of religion. It contributes to mass incarceration and racial subordination. And it costs billions of dollars per year—all without advancing public health. Yet, in hundreds upon hundreds of cases, courts have allowed the war to proceed virtually unchecked. How could a set of policies so draconian, destructive, and discriminatory escape constitutional curtailment?

In The Constitution of the War on Drugs, David Pozen provides an authoritative, critical constitutional history of the drug war, casting new light on both drug prohibition and U.S. constitutional development. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, advocates argued that criminal drug bans violate the Constitution's guarantees of due process, equal protection, federalism, free speech, free exercise of religion, and humane punishment. Many scholars and jurists agreed. Pozen demonstrates the plausibility of a constitutional path not taken, one that would have led to a more compassionate approach to drug control.

Rather than restrain the drug war, the Constitution helped to legitimate and entrench it. Pozen shows how a profoundly illiberal and paternalistic policy regime was assimilated into, and came to shape, an ostensibly liberal and pluralistic constitutional order. Placing the U.S. jurisprudence in comparative context, The Constitution of the War on Drugs offers a comprehensive review of drug-rights decisions along with a roadmap to constitutional reform options available today.

David Pozen, Charles Keller Beekman Professor of Law, Columbia Law School

Sommaire

Introduction
Chapter 1: Liberty, Privacy, and the Pursuit of Happiness
Chapter 2: Federalism and Rational Regulation
Chapter 3: Racial Equality
Chapter 4: Humane and Proportionate Punishment
Chapter 5: Freedom of Speech and Religion
Chapter 6: The Conditions of Constitutional Complicity
Chapter 7: New Directions for Constitutional Reform

Présentation de l’éditeur

Fra XII e XIII secolo nelle città dell’Italia centro-settentrionale (e non solo) iniziarono a sorgere universitates mercantili dalla natura sfuggente. Assunsero la forma del tribunale, della corporazione, dell’ufficio comunale; ed ebbero in molti casi un ruolo cruciale nelle vicende politiche urbane ed extraurbane.

Attraverso un prolifico ricorso alla comparazione, questo saggio ne rintraccia le tipologie, le modalità di azione, il ruolo politico, diplomatico, giudiziario e amministrativo; e restituisce un’immagine estremamente complessa delle dinamiche di potere, in corrispondenza sia dell’emergere del comune podestarile e popolare che dei domini personali.

Il risultato va al cuore pulsante stesso della vita associata tardomedievale, nutrito dal dialogo continuo fra le ragioni della giustizia, della politica e dell’economia.

Elena Maccioni è assegnista di ricerca presso l’Università di Cagliari. Si occupa di storia economica, giuridica e politica della Corona d’Aragona e delle città italiane, con un particolare riguardo per Genova. Fra le sue pubblicazioni si segnala Il Consolato del mare di Barcellona: tribunale e corporazione di mercanti (1394-1462), Viella-IRCVUM, 2019.

Sommaire

Introduzione

1. Davanti al mare

1. Genova e Venezia: giustificare una scelta geografica

2. Genova: il contesto politico, istituzionale ed economico

3. Venezia: il contesto politico, istituzionale ed economico

4. Genova: la normativa

5. Genova: la giustizia mercantile

6. Venezia: struttura istituzionale, normativa e giustizia mercantile

7. Venezia: le rappresaglie

8. Conclusioni

2. Le mercanzie in Pianura padana

1. Introduzione

2. Piacenza

3. Cremona

4. Verona

5. Pavia

6. Milano

7. Conclusioni

3. Il Centro Italia

1. Introduzione

2. Siena

3. Pisa

4. Firenze

5. Conclusioni e confronti

Conclusioni

Présentation de l’éditeur

This book is aimed at analysing how court decisions (precedent) function as a source of law by drawing on the comparison between jurisdictions from all over the world, from different legal families and with diverse legal traditions, including Brazil, China, England & Wales, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, South Africa and Sweden.

The contributions cover various aspects such as:

- The history of precedent;

- Formal support for precedent as a source of law;

- The binding nature of precedent;

- Reporting systems and style of reasoning;

- Judges as law-makers.

The contributions to this book highlight the differences between the jurisdictions on a formal level and points to how precedent is considered a source of law. Addressing the ‘mystery’ that surrounds precedents, the book explores where there is a significant gap between what is said and what is actually done in various jurisdictions.

The book gives a compelling analysis into how precedents being used as a source of law is an arrangement well-suited to accommodating what all jurisdictions aspire to, namely a legal order that promotes certainty and efficiency by a coherent application of the law and a law that is in harmony with legitimate expectations.

The contributions provide stimulating materials for comparison, exploring nuanced attitudes (both traditional and modern), different court systems and the different relationships between the judiciary and the legislature.

The contributions show that the discrepancies that exist do not necessarily entail any fundamental difference in the actual de facto importance of precedents in each jurisdiction, but they point to various difficulties in coping with precedent as a source of private law, such as precedent inflation and how to identify legal rules from a precedent.

The increasing importance of the precedent as a source of law has been acknowledged by all the compared jurisdictions. The book highlights the various approaches taken to this, which enhances the methodological understanding of precedents in our own national law. By such understanding we will be better equipped to cope with the implications for the future path in dealing with precedents.

Ultimately, the book serves to scrutinise the way precedents function in national law, how rules can be identified and the interaction between the legislator and judges. 

Christina Ramberg is Professor of Private Law at Stockholm University (Sweden). She has published many books and papers on general and specific contract law, electronic commerce and precedent. She participated in the Study Group for a European Civil Code and has represented Sweden and ICC in the UNCITRAL work on electronic commerce. She frequently acts as an arbitrator.

Présentation de l’éditeur

En 2017 paraissait, dirigé par Monique Maillard-Luypaert, Alain Marchandisse et Bertrand Schnerb, et avec pour sous-bassement un colloque organisé à Lille et Tournai par ces mêmes historiens, un volume qui, sous le titre Évêques et cardinaux princiers et curiaux (XIV^e-début XVI^e siècle). Des acteurs du pouvoir, apportait un ensemble de contributions, notamment biographiques, sur cette figure paradigmique de l’homme d’Église appelé à exercer une action politique d’envergure, parce qu’il est issu d’un milieu familial qui l’y prédestine ou parce qu’il sert, à la cour, un prince, un roi, un pape. Sous une bannière commune – Église et État –, un second colloque, cette fois organisé à Versailles, s’est voulu à la fois le prolongement et l’aménagement conceptuel du premier à une époque plus récente, la période moderne, voire le début des temps contemporains. Le présent volume en renferme les actes. Ils s’insèrent dans cinq volets spécifiques : Rome, son clergé de cour, et celui des autres États ; le conseil politique ; les chapelles princières ; les confesseurs princiers et les clergés de cour dans le monde chrétien, catholique ou non.

Alain Marchandisse, Maître de recherches du FRS-FNRS, Professeur à l’Université de Liège ; Benoist Pierre, Professeur à l’Université de Tours, Centre d’études supérieures de la Renaissance.

Sommaire

Benoist Pierre
Introduction

Birgit Emich
Court Clerics at a Clerical Court. The Roman Curia, the Papal capella and the Art of Differentiation Between Religious and Political Clerics

José Martínez Millán
El triumfo de Roma sobre la monarquía católica. La imposición de las «cuarenta horas» en la Capilla Real

Albane Pialoux
« Souvenez-vous, Monseigneur, de la défense que vous devez à l’église romaine ». Le cardinal de Fleury et Rome : entre raison d’État et intérêt supérieur de la catholicité

Cédric Michon
Les prélats au Conseil dans l’Europe de la Renaissance

Jean-Marie Cauchies
Des autels à l’Hôtel. Le personnel ecclésiastique à la cour de Bourgogne, de Philippe le Bon à Philippe le Beau

Paolo Cozzo
Entre foi, politique et culture. Le rôle du clergé dans la cour de Savoie (XVIE-XVIIIE siècles)

José Eloy Hortal Muñoz
Los oficiales religiosos de la Real Capilla de Felipe IV de España (1621-1665)

Éléonore Alquier
Les aumôniers de Louis XIV (1643-1682). Pistes d’étude prosopographique

Marcelo Luzzi Traficante
El gobierno de la Real Capilla de Felipe V de España. Oficios, jurisdicciones y disputas

Nicole Reinhardt
Prophète ou philosophe ? Les dilemmes normatifs du confesseur royal

Étienne Bourdeu
Tyranniser jusqu’à son âme. Le rôle du confesseur impérial Lamormaini au prisme espagnol (1631)

Fabienne Henryot
Le P. Donat de Nancy. Tertiaire régulier de saint François et confesseur de Charles IV de Lorraine (1652-1675)

Pierre-François Pirlet
Confesseur du prince : un profil singulier ? L’exemple de la cour espagnole de Bruxelles au XVIIE siècle

Bernard Vandermeersch
Suis insistentes obsequiis. Des lettres de significamus pour le clergé de service curial dans les Pays-Bas autrichiens

Rémy Hême de Lacotte
Par-delà la Révolution, les métamorphoses d’un modèle. Ambitions et limites de la grande aumônerie des souverains français sous l’Empire et la Restauration

Mikhail V. Dmitriev
L’échec de la symphonie ? Le clergé et le tsar à la cour d’Ivan le Terrible

R. Malcolm Smuts
The Battle Over Erastian Episcopacy in Britain. A Tale of Two Courts

Alexandre Maral
La Chapelle Royale de Versailles

Bernard Barbiche
Conclusions